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Tuberculosis has been one of the most lethal infectious diseases throughout human history. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a pathogen capable of evading the host immune system through sophisticated mechanisms and remaining latent within the body for extended periods. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately one quarter of the global population is infected with M. tuberculosis, and millions of new cases are reported annually. Due to these characteristics

Aspergillus niger is a widespread, microscopic filamentous fungus belonging to the division Deuteromycota (Eumycota). It is commonly found in nature in soil, decaying plant material, and organic waste. This species is one of the best characterized and most industrially utilized microorganisms within the genus Aspergillus. A. niger exhibits saprophytic characteristics but can also act as a pathogen on certain plants or foods under suitable conditions. Its colonies typically produce black spore st