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Air and water quality measurement technologies are systems composed of devices, sensors, and analytical methods designed to determine the types, concentrations, and spatial distributions of pollutants in the atmosphere and water sources. These technologies, increasingly important due to the impacts of industrialization, urbanization, and intensive agricultural activities, play a critical role in protecting human health, maintaining the balanced functioning of ecosystems, and ensuring the sustain

Dust, in general terms, is the name for microscopic, dust-like particles or accumulations of such particles composed of sand, soil, organic tissue fragments or artificial materials. These particles can be light enough to be carried by wind yet heavy enough to settle on surfaces (Source: Britannica).Dust consists of organic or mineral-based small solid particles and can be found everywhere: in the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface, and in space. The size of dust particles ranges from a few micro

Environmental quality is a fundamental concept that determines the health and sustainability of ecosystems. The current state of natural resources, pressures arising from human activities, and key environmental components such as air, water, soil, and biological diversity can be measured. Environmental quality is a critical indicator that directly affects not only ecological balance but also human health, the continuity of economic activities, and social well-being.Today, urbanization, industria