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Erzurum Castle is a historical structure located within the borders of Erzurum Province and holds a significant place in the region's historical development. Its initial construction dates back to the reign of Roman Emperor Theodosius II. Over time, the castle underwent various restorations and functional transformations by successive civilizations. Throughout the Byzantine, Seljuk, Saltukid, Ottoman, and Republican periods, the castle served primarily as a defensive structure. Due to its strate

The Diyarbakır Walls are a historical defensive structure enclosing the city of Diyarbakır in southeastern Türkiye. The walls consist of two sections: the Inner Citadel and the Outer Citadel, and are believed to have originated from the Inner Citadel, which formed the earliest settlement core of the city on its northeastern side. Although no exact date is known for the construction of the walls, various sources generally date their origin to the mid-4th century. However, it is believed that the