
Erzurum Nene Hatun Historical National Park is a protected area located within the boundaries of the Aziziye district in Erzurum province, Türkiye, notable for both its natural and historical significance. It was declared a national park in 2009 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The park holds special status in terms of historical and cultural heritage due to its inclusion of the Aziziye Redoubt, which played a significant role in the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War (93 Harbi), and the me
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Zeynep Şule Bingöl

Mihrali Bey Konağı derives its name from Mihrali Bey, a folk hero of Kara Papak origin renowned for his contributions during the 1877 Ottoman–Russian War. Following the war, Mihrali Bey and his family were resettled in Sivas by the Ottoman State. Built in 1889, the mansion served both as Mihrali Bey’s private residence and as a symbol of his social standing. Mihrali Bey was later sent to Yemen where he was martyred. His name subsequently became the subject of folk songs passed down among the peo
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Yusuf İslam Tuğla

Plevne March is a military march composed from folk songs that emerged among the people, commemorating the resistance and heroism displayed by the Ottoman army under the command of Gazi Osman Pasha during the Siege of Plevna in the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War (also known as the 93 War). The march became one of the war’s most enduring symbols and generated widespread resonance across the Ottoman territories and around the world.Historical BackgroundThe Battles of Plevna took place on the western
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Nurten Yalçın

The Treaty of Tilsit was a peace agreement signed in 1807 between Napoleonic France, Russia, and Prussia, ending the War of the Fourth Coalition and reshaping the balance of power in Europe in France’s favor. Negotiations initiated by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte of France and Tsar Alexander I of Russia on a raft on the Niemen River after the Battle of Friedland (14 June 1807) culminated on 7 July 1807 in the signing of a 27-article peace and alliance treaty in the Prussian town of Tilsit (modern-
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