KaThe Kapıkulu cavalry formed part of the Ottoman standing army. Until the mid-17th century, the Kapıkulu cavalry enjoyed greater prestige than the Janissaries and consisted of six distinct corps that emerged at various times. The sipâhîs and silahdârs, known as the “Upper Divisions,” were the most prestigious corps. It is believed that the silahdârs originated during the reign of Murad I. Although traditions suggest the sipâhî corps was also established during this period, the reign of Mehmed the
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Coşkun Ünsal

Kitâbü’l-İzz ve’l-Menâfiʻ, also known as Kitabü'l-İzz ve'l-Menâfiʻ li'l-Mücâhidîn fî Sebili'llâh bi'l-Müdâfiʻ (The Book of Dignity and Benefits for Those Fighting in the Path of God with Weapons and Cannons), was authored by Al-Rais Ibrahim b. Ahmed Arribaş Al-Andalusi, a Muslim sailor and artillery expert from Al-Andalus. This work provides detailed information on artillery and military weapons.Ibrahim Reis was born around 1550–1560 in the village of Nigüelas in Granada. After the expulsion of
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Osman Yiğit