DiOttoman education system contains madrasas, which were the primary institutional structures through which scholarly activity was conducted. Madrasas were not merely places where specific disciplines were taught; they also functioned as institutions that reflected the intellectual understanding, social relations, and educational practices of their time. The differences between madrasas and modern universities stem from the distinct historical, social, and intellectual contexts in which each struc
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Mathematical thought in the history of Islamic science underwent significant development during the Ottoman period, evolving into a conceptual framework aimed at understanding the order of the universe, beyond mere numbers and shapes. In the Ottoman scientific tradition, this perspective demonstrates how mathematical reasoning became integrated with the concepts of form, ratio, and order. Within this context, geometry in the Ottoman Empire was not viewed merely as a computational tool but also
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