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Abdurrahman Nafiz Gürman, who served as the fifth Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces, held significant positions during a military career spanning more than half a century, from the final years of the Ottoman Empire through the foundation and early years of the Republic of Türkiye. He actively participated in the Tripolitania War, the Balkan Wars, World War I, and the Turkish War of Independence, and held high-ranking posts during the Republican era including army command and

Born in Kilis in 1881, Âşir Atlı graduated from the War School and the War Academy and served in command roles on the Yemen, Tripolitania, Iraq and Anatolia fronts. He participated in the Battle of Sakarya and the Great Offensive as a division commander, and after the war held various staff positions in the army, rising to the rank of major general. After retiring in 1931, he served as a member of parliament for Kütahya, Bursa and Gaziantep in the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye; he died in 1

Halil Kut Pasha was an Ottoman pasha who held military posts during the final years of the Ottoman State and the First World War, particularly known for the Victory of Kut al-Amara, which he achieved on the Iraqi Front. Halil Pasha was also an influential figure within the Committee of Union and Progress. Beyond his military successes, his memoirs of the National Struggle and subsequent experiences extended the historical scope of his life story across a broad period.【1】Family and ChildhoodHalil

Mehmet Fesa Evrensev (1878–1951) was the first pilot of the Turkish Air Force and the founding general manager of the State Airlines Administration (later known as Turkish Airlines). Having received flight training in France in 1911, he became the first Turkish pilot to conduct a flight in the country’s airspace. He served actively during the Balkan Wars and World War I.【1】 Youth and EducationMehmet Fesa Evrensev was born in 1878 in the Gedikpaşa district of Istanbul. His father was Mr. Mustafa