
Institutionalization is the ability of an organization to sustain its activities independently of individual presence and to conduct these activities within a framework of specific norms, rules, and structures. The objective of this process is to transform decision-making and implementation mechanisms into a predictable, consistent, and sustainable structure free from arbitrariness. Institutionalization aims not only to organize internal structures but also to strengthen the organization’s capac
ENRumeysa Ay
ThThe Iron Law of Oligarchy is a theory in the sociology of politics, first articulated by sociologist Robert Michels in his 1911 work Sociology of Political Parties: An Investigation into the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy (German: Zur Soziologie des Parteiwesens in der modernen Demokratie). In its most concise formulation, the law asserts that every type of organization, regardless of its nature, inevitably evolves into the rule of a minority—a minority that becomes an oligarchy. Ac
ENYunus Emre Yüce

In Turkish tradition, the "binary organization" refers to a system in which state administration is based on two primary elements. This structure does not center power absolutely in a single authority; rather, it divides power into two parts that complement each other. In Turkish state tradition, this binary structure has typically manifested through distinctions such as east-west or center-periphery.This system is identified in Chinese sources as the "Chu cosmology". However, what is meant h
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Hümeyra Yılmaz
InOriginInstitution is derived from the Arabic word muʾessese. This term is based on a form stemming from the Arabic root ˀss, which conveys the meaning of “an established or constructed structure.”Areas of UseLaw: Used to denote official institutions and organizations.Economics and Trade: Used to describe structures engaged in production, services and commercial activities.Sociology: Used to refer to structures that constitute social order such as family, marriage and property.Education and Cultu
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Fatmanur Mavibaş

The term “shipyard” (tersane) in Turkish, which began to be used from the early 16th century, was borrowed from the Italian word darsena. A shipyard refers to production facilities equipped with the necessary infrastructure and capabilities to carry out operations such as the new construction of a required vessel or any watercraft, the conversion of an existing vessel, or its maintenance and repair. The shipbuilding industry has a composite structure that integrates various industrial products a
ENGökhan Tıraşoğlu

This is an official decision aimed at ending the presence of the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan. In April 2025, the Jordanian government banned all activities of the group known as the Muslim Brotherhood, closed its offices, and seized its assets in favor of the state. This decision followed allegations that members of the organization had planned acts of sabotage.The Ban and Its JustificationsIn a statement issued on 23 April 2025 by Jordan’s Minister of Interior Mazen al-Faraya, all activities c
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Edanur Karakoç

Organization is a Turkish television series in the action, intelligence, and drama genres that premiered on TRT 1 on March 7, 2021. Produced by Tims&B Productions, the series follows a covert team within the National Intelligence Organization (MİT) as they navigate both their professional missions and personal lives. Directed by Hakan Kırvavaç (Ketche), Burak Müjdeci, and Yağız Alp Akaydın, and written by Ethem Özışık and his team, the series is also available on the Tabii platform. Now in i
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Ayşe Hümeyra Akkanat