EfAlgorithms are one of the fundamental building building blocks of the software world. They are step-by-step procedures for solving a problem and, when properly designed, provide significant advantages in terms of speed correctness, efficiency and source resource usage. However, poorly designed algorithms can reduce system performance and lead to unnecessary resource consumption. Therefore, efficient algorithm design and optimization techniques are critical for software developers and engineers.A
ENBaşak Karaman

Database optimization techniques refer to a set of methods developed to ensure that queries in database management systems (DBMS) are executed at the lowest possible cost and in the shortest time. These techniques aim to reduce performance metrics such as query processing time input/output (I/O) costs memory usage and communication costs. The optimization process is regarded as a fundamental component that directly affects system efficiency particularly in centralized and distributed database sy
ENKayra Enes Şimşek

Curve fitting is a numerical analysis method that enables a dataset to be represented by a specific mathematical model. It is commonly applied to establish a relationship between discrete data points obtained through measurement or experimentation. This relationship is expressed through a functional structure, and the resulting model is expected to produce values as close as possible to the observed data.The curve fitting process involves a series of data pairs MethodsPolynomial ApproximationsLe
EN
Sinan Turan

Production lines form the foundation of industrial manufacturing processes and play a critical role for businesses under today’s competitive market conditions. The efficiency and effectiveness of these lines have direct impacts across a broad spectrum, from product quality and delivery times to costs and customer satisfaction.In this context, production line optimization is a critical field focused on enhancing production performance through the most efficient use of available resources, proce
EN
Aslı Öncan
LoThe loss function is one of the fundamental tools used in machine learning and statistical modeling to measure a model’s predictive performance. It converts the difference between the predicted value and the true value into a numerical measure that indicates how accurate or inaccurate the model’s predictions are. Loss functions not only quantify the error rate but also provide information on how the model should be optimized. They play a critical role in training models in fields such as deep le
ENYusuf Çağan Ceylan

Swarm intelligence is a subfield of artificial intelligence that studies systems exhibiting complex, problem-solving behaviors through the collective actions of individual units. This field draws inspiration from social organization observed in natural systems; the collective behaviors of many living species such as bees, ants, and birds serve as fundamental sources of inspiration for swarm intelligence.Swarm intelligence relies on the ability of individuals to perform collective complex tasks b
EN
Eren Çakmak

Adadelta is one of the gradient descent-based optimization algorithms designed to provide a more efficient learning process. Adadelta offers significant advantages in scenarios common in deep learning and machine learning, where manually tuning hyperparameters such as the learning rate is challenging, by employing adaptive learning rates.Core ConceptsAdadelta enhances the basic gradient descent method by introducing a mechanism that automatically adjusts the learning rate for each parameter. Thi
EN
Kaan Gümele

AdamW (Adam with Weight Decay) is a variant of the Adam optimization algorithm and provides a significant improvement related to model regularization. This variant aims to enhance Adam’s overall performance and generalization capability by incorporating an L2 penalty term (weight decay). In the traditional Adam algorithm, weight decay is computed together with the gradient updates; however, AdamW applies this penalty term independently of the update step, enabling more effective regularization.K
EN
Kaan Gümele

Adafactor is an efficient, low-memory optimization algorithm developed by Google, specifically designed for memory-intensive models such as large-scale language models. It was first introduced in 2018 in the paper titled "Adafactor: Adaptive Learning Rates with Sublinear Memory Cost". Like the Adam algorithm, Adafactor performs moment-based updates but computes second-moment estimates using significantly less memory, thereby enabling the training of large models.Adafactor Optimization AlgorithmM
EN
Kaan Gümele

FTRL is an abbreviation for “Follow-The-Regularized-Leader” and is an optimization algorithm specifically designed for online learning scenarios. It was developed to work efficiently with large-scale and sparse data. This algorithm, proposed by Google, is widely used in ad prediction, recommendation systems, and real-time learning systems.FTRL Optimization AlgorithmCore ApproachUnlike classical gradient descent methods, FTRL updates parameters based on a combination of accumulated gradients from
EN
Kaan Gümele