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Digital age global internet connectivity is largely provided by fiber optic cables laid beneath the sea. Today, more than 1.4 million kilometers of ocean floor cables exist worldwide, carrying 99 percent of internet data traffic. From this perspective, submarine internet cables form the fundamental backbone of global civil and military communications, and fully understanding their structure is of critical importance. Principle of Operation of Submarine Cables Submarine cables transmit data using

Infrared imaging systems are sophisticated technologies that are increasingly finding application in modern engineering solutions. One of the key components in these systems is the optical window. These windows, which establish the connection between the imaging sensor and the external environment, are not merely physical protectors but also active components that directly influence optical performance. In particular, for systems designed to operate in the infrared spectrum, the selection of win

Infrared imaging systems are sophisticated technologies that are increasingly finding application in modern engineering solutions. One of the key components in these systems is the optical window. These windows, which establish the connection between the imaging sensor and the external environment, are not merely physical protectors but active components that directly influence optical performance. In particular, the selection of window material for systems operating in the infrared spectrum is

Merlin-VR (Мерлин-ВР) is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed in Türkiye for military reconnaissance and aerial surveillance purposes. The primary role of Merlin-VR is to serve as a reconnaissance platform equipped with optical and infrared band sensing and location systems, enabling prolonged observation and target identification over a specific area. Public promotional materials highlight the UAV’s high-altitude operations and extended endurance as evidence of its status as a “harder-to-

Laser guidance technology is a high-precision targeting system that plays a critical role in modern combat arenas for target detection and destruction. Thanks to this system, missiles can effectively strike various objects such as tanks armor vehicles buildings and even moving land or air targets. The laser guidance system operates by illuminating the target with a laser and detecting the reflected laser energy using a sensor on the munition. First developed in the 1960s this technology has evol