WoWoolly mammoth, a species of mammoth that lived throughout the Pleistocene epoch—also known as the “ice age” (approximately 2.58 million to 11,700 years ago)—became extinct during the Holocene. Its closest living relative is the elephant (Elephas maximus). Knowledge of its physiology and behavior, as an extinct species, has been derived from frozen carcasses found in Siberia and Alaska, as well as from skeletal remains, teeth, gut contents, fecal samples, and prehistoric cave drawings (row stoma
ENOğuzhan Özdemir

Dinosaurs were creatures that lived on our planet a very, very long time ago. Science Scientists say that dinosaurs first appeared around 230 million years ago! Since then, they lived all around the world and evolved into many different species.What Were Dinosaurs Like?Dinosaurs were animals that ranged in size from as small as a car to as large as a giant building. Some dinosaurs were herbivores, meaning they fed on only plants. The Apatosaurus, a like giant dinosaur, enormous tree ate leaves f
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Erva Öztürk
InIntermittent fasting, nutrition, and fasting periods are applied consecutively in this eating pattern. In this model, energy intake is restricted to specific time windows, while during the remaining periods individuals either fast completely or reduce energy intake to a important level. Intermittent fasting has been practiced not only as a means of weight control but also as part of various religious practices and traditional lifestyles.A person is shown alongside a clock graphic illustrating a
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Meryem Betül Kaya

Nutrition and dietetics is a scientific discipline focused on the proper and balanced use of foods to improve and maintain the health of individuals and populations. Key topics in this field include identifying the nutrients required by the human body, understanding how these nutrients are metabolized within the body, assessing their effects on health, and examining their role in preventing or treating diseases.The Concept of NutritionNutrition is the process by which living organisms obtain the
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Nursena Güller

Amino acids are organic compounds that play a critical role in the biological functions of living organisms. These molecules, which serve as the building blocks of proteins, also participate in gene expression, cellular communication, and metabolic activities. Every living organism requires amino acids to sustain life. Therefore, the structure, classification, and biological roles of amino acids constitute an important area of research in biochemistry and molecular biology.Structure and Fundamen
ENZeynep Ahmetbeyoğlu

Healthy Life Centers (HLCs) are primary healthcare facilities established by the Ministry of Health of Türkiye to protect and promote public health and facilitate access to health services. These centers aim to help individuals adopt healthy lifestyle habits before they become ill, identifying risk factors at an early stage to improve quality of life. All services provided at HLCs are free of charge and based on voluntary participation.Corporate Structure and OrganizationHealthy Life Centers ope
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Nursena Güller

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat. It results from a prolonged imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Excess energy is stored in adipose tissue, leading to increased body weight. Obesity is not merely an aesthetic concern but also a risk factor for numerous chronic diseases.EpidemiologyAccording to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of obesity has increased globally in recent years.
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Nursena Güller

Space travel becomes possible not only through technological achievements but also through detailed planning aimed at preserving human health. At the forefront of these plans is the astronauts’ nutrition regimen. In a microgravity environment, the selection, storage, and consumption of food occur under conditions vastly different from those on Earth. Nutrition in space does more than simply sustain the body; it also supports psychological resilience.The Importance of Balanced NutritionThe energy
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Mehmet Bağcı

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional approach characterized by high fat, low carbohydrate, and adequate protein intake, aiming to induce a metabolic state of ketosis. In response to carbohydrate restriction, the body produces ketone bodies to meet its energy needs. This state is particularly used as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of epilepsy.Medical ApplicationsThe ketogenic diet is primarily applied in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy, but it may also be used for certain metabo
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Nursena Güller
PuSemizotu (Portulaca oleracea L.) is an annual, herbaceous plant belonging to the Portulacaceae (purslane family). This species has a wide distribution and is found both in its wild form in nature and cultivated as a vegetable. Known primarily for its use in salads and dishes, semizotu also possesses significant medicinal and pharmacological potential. Due to its content of omega-3 fatty acids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals, it is a valuable plant in terms of nutrition and public hea
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Şule Bozkurt