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New START (New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) is a bilateral arms control agreement between United States and Russian Federation that regulates the numerical limitation of strategic offensive weapons, their verification and transparency mechanisms, and mutual information exchange. The full name of the treaty is "Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms", and it is the last binding U.S.–Russian agreement signed in the post–Cold War era aimed at red

A nuclear weapon is a weapon of mass destruction that harnesses the energy released by nuclear reactions—either the splitting of atomic nuclei (fission) or the merging of atomic nuclei (fusion)—as a destructive force. Unlike conventional explosives, a single nuclear weapon has the potential to destroy an entire city, kill millions of people, and render vast regions uninhabitable for years through radioactive fallout. These characteristics have elevated nuclear weapons beyond mere military tools,

During the final phase of World War II, the intense military campaign conducted in the Pacific Theater against Japan severely weakened the country’s industrial capacity and military strength. By mid-1945, Japan had lost most of its strategic dominance, its naval and air forces had suffered heavy losses, and its civilian infrastructure had been systematically destroyed by bombing raids.Nevertheless, the Japanese government rejected calls for unconditional surrender and maintained its strategic de