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Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 50 million people worldwide live with epilepsy (WHO, 2022). The disease can affect individuals of different age groups and may arise due to various causes. This article will address the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods of epilepsy.Causes of EpilepsyEpilepsy develops as a result of a disruption i

Planarians are free-living flatworms belonging to the phylum Platyhelminthes. These organisms are particularly notable for their regenerative capabilities; they can reconstruct an entire organism from even a small fragment of their body. This remarkable trait has made planarians model organisms in various fields such as regenerative biology, stem cell research, and neuroscience. Additionally, their simple nervous systems and behavioral characteristics play a significant role in the study of nerv