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The termination of Russian-origin natural gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports in the European Union has been structured as a phased policy framework through plans developed throughout 2025, interinstitutional negotiations, and a parliamentary vote. The process has taken shape through measures including the prohibition of new contracts, the limitation of spot and short-term purchases, the scheduled cessation of pipeline gas according to a specific timeline, and regulatory provisions exten

Oruç Reis Seismic Research Vessel is a technologically advanced seismic research vessel developed by the Republic of Türkiye to explore oil, natural gas, and geological structures within its maritime jurisdiction areas. The vessel holds strategic importance for Türkiye’s efforts to locate energy resources in open seas and investigate its continental shelf, and is also utilized for geological and biological scientific research.History and Construction ProcessConstruction of the Oruç Reis Seismic

Drilling technology encompasses the methods, equipment, and processes used to bore holes into the Earth’s crust for the purpose of exploring, researching, evaluating, and extracting subsurface resources. This technology serves as a fundamental tool for identifying, extracting, and sustainably managing resources such as oil, natural gas, water, minerals, and geothermal energy. Supported by geological research and engineering knowledge, drilling operations play a critical role across a wide spectr

Fossil fuels are non-renewable natural energy sources formed through the chemical transformation of remains of living organisms such as plants and animals that lived millions of years ago, under high pressure and temperature in an oxygen-free environment beneath the Earth’s crust. These fuels are rich in carbon and hydrocarbons. Since they release large amounts of energy when burned, they have become the primary energy source of the modern world since the Industrial Revolution. The most common a

Fossil fuels form when plants and animals that lived millions of years ago were compressed underground and gradually transformed into coal, oil, and natural gas. These fuels are like stored energy hidden deep within the Earth. But this energy can harm the environment.CoalCoal forms when vast forests that existed millions of years ago were buried underground and transformed over time into a hard, rock-like substance. The trees and plants in these forests, deprived of oxygen while submerged in mud

The Iğdır-Nakhchivan Natural Gas Pipeline is an energy transmission line constructed between Turkey’s Iğdır Province and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan, to meet Nakhchivan’s natural gas needs, Autonomous. It was commissioned on 5 March 2025 during a ceremony held in Ankara.HistoryThe foundation of the Iğdır-Nakhchivan Natural Gas Pipeline was laid on 25 September 2023 in Nakhchivan by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev. In his speech at

In recent years, the discovery of natural gas reserves in the Eastern Mediterranean has become a transformative element in the region's energy geopolitics. These reserves not only diversify energy supply but also reshape economic and political interactions among the regional countries. However, the existence of these resources brings potential for both new cooperation opportunities and conflicts due to issues such as maritime jurisdiction areas and resource sharing.Major Discovered ReservesTamar

Volan is a specialized calculation and analysis method used to determine the location of resources such as oil and natural gas beneath the Earth’s surface. Volan analyses are conducted to identify which layers beneath the surface contain liquids or gases.How Does It Examine Subsurface Layers?Using the volan method, scientists calculate the degree of porosity—the amount of empty space within rocks—and determine what fills these spaces: water, oil, or gas. This enables researchers to decide which