
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a person's perception of themselves as extraordinarily valuable and important. This disorder manifests through an excessive need for admiration and approval, a lack of empathy, and a tendency to use others for personal gain. While NPD is listed in diagnostic guides like the DSM-IV-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), there are ongoing academic and clinical debates about its definition and cri
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Ahsen Buyurkan

Gaslighting is known as one of the most harmful forms of psychological manipulation. This phenomenon is a systematic power aimed at distorting perceptions of reality, questioning memories, and creating emotional instability. The term originates from the 1938 play Gas Light written by Patrick Hamilton and adapted for cinema in 1944. Game depicts a man’s efforts to psychologically manipulate his wife by making her doubt her own sanity. Today, gaslighting is not limited to individual relationships
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Meryem Betül Kaya