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Mustafa ibn Ali al-Muvakkit was one of the leading Ottoman astronomers and chief timekeepers of the 16th century. Renowned for his work in astronomy, mathematics, and the science of timekeeping (ʿilm al-mīqāt), he played a pivotal role in advancing observational astronomy in the Ottoman Empire and in institutionalizing this knowledge within official structures. Life and Education Although his exact date of birth is unknown, he is believed to have been born in Istanbul in the early 16th century.