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The July 12 Declaration is a statement issued by President İsmet İnönü on July 12, 1947. In response to tensions between the Republican People’s Party (CHP) and the Democrat Party (DP) reaching a level that threatened the regime, İnönü assumed the role of mediator and drafted this declaration. The statement was prepared following meetings between İnönü and CHP leader Recep Peker and DP leader Celal Bayar between June 7 and July 10, 1947. It was read on the radio on July 11 and published in the p

People’s Republican Party emerged in the early period of the Republic of Türkiye in 1930 as a brief experiment in multi-party politics and was the first opposition party established by extraparliamentary elements. Founded by Abdülkadir Kemali (Öğütçü) Bey, the party had a short lifespan and was dissolved by government decree on 21 December 1930.Founding Process and Political EnvironmentWith the impact of the 1929 World Economic Crisis and the end of the Takrir-i Sükûn period, the political envir