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Wild goat (Capra aegagrus) is a mammalian species recognized as the ancestor of the domestic goat (Capra hircus), which holds major economic importance worldwide. It belongs to the family Bovidae. Thanks to its exceptional adaptability, this species has a wide distribution across the globe and in Türkiye it primarily inhabits steep and mountainous terrain in the Aegean, Mediterranean, Southeastern, Eastern, and Black Sea regions. Its main habitats consist of cliffs, precipices, and areas near th

Zigana Tunnel is a road tunnel project constructed over the North Anatolian Mountains along the East–Anatolia and Middle East route connected by Trabzon–Gümüşhane. It is Türkiye’s and Europe’s longest and the world’s third longest double-tube road tunnel, constructed using advanced engineering methods. Construction began in 2017 and was completed in 2023, making significant contributions to Türkiye’s economic development and regional transportation security.Innovative construction techniques and

Ağrı Dağı, Türkiye’s highest mountain, is a large volcanic massif located in the Eastern Anatolia Region, near the point where the borders of Türkiye, Iran, and Armenia meet. The mountain is a significant formation in the Near East due to its physical characteristics as well as its historical and mythological associations. Ağrı Dağı possesses a multi-layered structure from geographical, geological, climatic, cultural, and historical perspectives.Geographical FeaturesAğrı Dağı is situated within

Mount Fuji (Japanese: 富士山, Fujisan) is the highest peak in Japan, standing at 3,776 meters. It is located in central Honshu Island, approximately 100 kilometers southwest of Tokyo. Known for its symmetrical conical shape, this stratovolcano is snow-capped for about half the year. Mount Fuji has long been recognized for its aesthetic and spiritual significance, both by the Japanese people and international observers.Geological FormationMount Fuji is a geologically young volcano that formed appro

Süphan Dağı is a large stratovolcano located in eastern Türkiye, north of Lake Van. The mountain lies within the boundaries of Adilcevaz district, Bitlis Province, and is situated between Ağrı Dağı to the northeast and Nemrut Dağı to the southwest. As one of several major volcanic structures bordering Lake Van, Süphan Dağı reaches a summit elevation of 4,058 meters, making it the third highest mountain in Türkiye and the second highest stratovolcano after Ağrı Dağı.Major settlements near the vol

One of Türkiye’s important transportation projects, the Ilgaz 15 July Independence Tunnel, was constructed to make the Ilgaz Mountain passage connecting the Anatolia Central Anatolia region to the West Black Sea safer and more efficient. Opened on 26 December 2016, the tunnel has significantly eased travel across Ilgaz Mountain, which previously suffered from heavy snowfall and fog during the winter winter months, making passage difficult. The project stands out as a major investment offering bo

Constructed to accelerate and enhance safety of transportation between İzmir and Manisa, the Sabuncubeli Tunnel is one of Türkiye’s important recognized highway projects. Located on the Sipylus Mountains in the Aegean Region, tunnel forms part of the Manisa–İzmir Motorway. The tunnel consists of two tubes, each 4,065 meters long, with a total length of 8,130 meters. In conjunction with the tunnel, 2,530 meters of together connection access roads were also constructed. The project aimed to elimin

The Yağdonduran Pass, a key transit point between Sivas and Malatya provinces, posed a major problem for drivers, especially during winter months, due to severe adverse weather conditions including heavy snow precipitation, icing, and snowstorms that caused significant disruptions to transportation. To address this issue, construction of the Yağdonduran Tunnel began in 2016 and it was opened to service in 2024. The 1567-meter-long twin-tube tunnel has been designed to provide drivers with a safe

Hasankeyf Tunnel was constructed to facilitate transportation between the districts of Hasankeyf and Gercüş in Batman. Opened on 8 November 2022, tunnel aims to improve transportation quality in the region by saving time and fuel savings. The tunnel addresses a critical need arising from the change in route caused by the commencement of water storage at the Ilısu Dam water road. Its opening was marked by a ceremony attended by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan via video conference method.Project Sc

In the east of Türkiye, the Pirinkayalar Tunnel connects Erzurum with Artvin, constructed to overcome geographical challenges and enhance driving safety. Opened on 29 December 2021, tunnel lies within the boundaries of Uzundere district in Erzurum and is situated along the Erzurum–Artvin black route extending to Georgia. The tunnel aims to eliminate traffic problems caused by sharp curves and harsh winter conditions by bypassing the difficult Pirinkayalar Pass.Technical Specifications and Struct