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The Perry Expedition (Commodore Perry’s Expedition to Japan) was a diplomatic and military mission conducted by a U.S. naval fleet under the command of American Commodore Matthew C. Perry in 1853–1854. This expedition ended Japan’s policy of isolation maintained throughout the Edo Period and initiated its process of modernization. Background: Japan’s Isolation (Sakoku) and the United States Since 1639, Japan had been under the sakoku (closed country) policy enforced by the Tokugawa Shogunate, wh

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), is an intergovernmental security and defense alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in Washington on April 4, 1949.【1】 Established to rebuild European security after World War II and to create a lasting defense bond between North America and Europe, the organization is founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law, as stated in the treaty’s preamble.【2】 Founded in 1949 by 12 states, NATO has grown to 32 memb

The NATO Hymn is an instrumental musical composition officially approved by the North Atlantic Council on 3 January 2018 to represent the institutional identity and unity of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 【1】 Historical Development and Initial Proposals The first efforts to create an official hymn for NATO date back to the late 1950s. As the alliance approached its 10th anniversary in 1959, numerous composers submitted their compositions for consideration as the official hymn, bu