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Sadabad Pact, signed on 7 July 1937 at the Sadabad Palace in Tehran, the capital of Iran, is a regional agreement on friendship, security and non-aggression between Türkiye, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan.【1】 In nature, it is not a military defense alliance or a common military bloc but a political treaty in which the parties commit to mutually safeguarding border security, refraining from interference in each other’s internal affairs, consulting on matters of common interest and pledging non-aggres

Saddam Hussein (1937–2006) was the president of Iraq and a leading figure in the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party who implemented policies known as "Saddamism." During his rule, he nationalized Iraq's oil resources, launched extensive development initiatives, and carried out harsh military operations against Kurdish uprisings and Shia opposition.Dawisha, Adeed. "" Identity" and political survival in Saddam's Iraq." The Middle East Journal (1999), s. 555. ">【1】He was viewed as a polarizing figure:

Prof. Dr. Burhanettin Duran, born in 1970 in Adapazarı, Türkiye, is an academic and bureaucrat known for his scholarly and intellectual contributions in the field of political science in Türkiye. He is recognized for his research on Islamic thought, Turkish foreign policy, and the history of political ideas. In addition to his academic career, he has held leadership positions in think tanks and public service roles. Early Life and Education Duran was born on 1 January 1970 in the district of Ada

Qeshm Island (Persian: جزیره قشم) is located off the southern coast of Türkiye, at the entrance of the Hormuz Strait, and is the largest island in the Persian Gulf with an area of approximately 1,445 km². Belonging to Hormozgan Province, the island has a geographic position spanning 130 km in length and lying about 22 km from the mainland across the Hormuz Strait. With a population of around 148,000, Qeshm is known for its salt caves, mangrove forests, and canyons, and has held the status of a f