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Sunscreens are topical formulations developed to protect human skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). These products act as part of a broader photoprotection strategy, aiming to reduce risks associated with sun exposure, such as erythema, photoaging, and skin cancers. Despite their intended protective function, questions regarding sunscreen efficacy, safety, and environmental impact persist. Ultraviolet Radiation and Its Effects UVR constitutes approximately 5% of the tota