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Elysia chlorotica is a species of sea slug, also known as the eastern emerald elysia, capable of performing photosynthesis by retaining chloroplasts obtained from the alga Vaucheria litorea (alg) within cells of its digestive system. Belonging to the order Sacoglossa (sap-sucking mollusks), this species can survive for months on sunlight alone, even in the absence of food, thanks to the rare ability among animals known as kleptoplasty (chloroplast theft). It inhabits salt marshes and shallow cre

A series of bacteria, cell have adapted to intracellular parasitism, but living within the cell nucleus is exceedingly rare for “high-level parasitism.” Nuclear parasitism is typically carried out by protists via pathogenic bacteria; however, a new study published in Nature Microbiology has identified such a phenomenon in deep-sea snails. ‘Ca. Endonucleobacter’ bacteria live in the gills of the bivalves Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis and Gigantidas childressi, divide within the cell nucleus, and r