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Kaytbay Castle is located in the city of Alexandria, Egypt, and is one of Alexandria’s iconic landmarks. It was constructed from the remains of the ancient sea lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, which was built in the 3rd century CE and nearly destroyed by an earthquake in Egypt in 1303. CastleThe castle was built between 1477 and 1479 by Sultan Kaytbay of Mamluk to strengthen the defense of Alexandria during the Mamluks period. At that time, the aim was to establish a st

Yavuz Sultan Selim was a determined and exceptionally intelligent sultan, much like his grandfather Fatih Sultan Mehmet, with grand ambitions. Upon ascending the throne, there were two major Turkish states in the east: the Ottomans and the Mamluks centered in Egypt. The Mamluk State controlled Mecca and Medina, the holiest cities of Islam, and held sway over the lucrative spice routes. Yavuz Sultan Selim turned his gaze southward toward the Mamluks, aiming to end this dualism in the Islamic worl

Have you ever imagined an ancient fortress standing majestically beside the Euphrates River? That is precisely Birecik Castle! Built on steep cliffs right beside the Euphrates River in the Birecik district of Şanlıurfa, this fortress feels like a time machine carrying the secrets of the past into the present. Due to the white limestone hills upon which it was constructed, it is also known as the “White Castle.”Birecik Castle is more than just stone and walls. It tells the stories of kings, soldi