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Helicoverpa armigera is a significant pest species belonging to the family Noctuidae of the order Lepidoptera, causing major economic losses in agriculture. It was first described by Hübner in 1808 and was long known as Heliothis armigera until taxonomic revisions led to its reclassification within the genus Helicoverpa. In Turkish, the species is commonly referred to as Yeşilkurt, but also as Mısırı Koçanı Kurdu, Pamuk kozası kurdu, or Pamuk yaprakkurdu; globally, it is known as cotton bollworm

The corn earworm, a species belonging to the family Noctuidae of the order Lepidoptera, causes significant economic losses in corn cultivation important through its feeding activity road harmful. Adult individuals have forewings that are milky brown, camel-colored, or yellowish-beige, while their hindwings are silvery white or silky white. In males, the antennae are comb-like in structure.Eggs are laid in large numbers, in flat-cylindrical shapes and in clusters. When first laid, the eggs are pa

The maize plant (Zea mays) is one of the most widely cultivated cereal crops worldwide and holds significant importance both for food and industrial uses. Originating from Central America, this plant has historically been a staple food source and has gradually become a global agricultural commodity. Due to its resilience, high yield, and versatile applications, maize is favored by both small-scale farmers and large-scale industrial agriculture. Today, maize plays a crucial role in the production