
Presidential Government System is the government system adopted in Türkiye through the 2017 constitutional amendment and put into practical effect following the 2018 elections. The system is based on the principle that executive power is exercised by the President. Law No. 6771 amended Article 8 of the Constitution to assign executive power to the President; Article 104 was revised to state: “The President is the head of the state. Executive power belongs to the President.” With this change, the
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Hamza Aktay

Bill on Amendments to Certain Laws for the Effective and Efficient Administration of Justice, known in public discourse as the 12th Justice Package, is a legislative proposal.【1】 The proposal was prepared under the framework of the 4th Justice Reform Strategy Document announced by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The 4th Justice Reform Strategy Document, prepared by the Ministry of Justice and made public on 23 January 2025, established as its core vision the creation of a legal system based on t
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Edanur Karakoç