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Throughout history, legal systems have been a significant indicator of the level of development of civilizations. One of the fundamental reasons the Ottoman State was able to govern its vast territories stably over centuries was undoubtedly the functioning of its justice system. At the heart of this system were the kadis, who were not merely judges but also state officials who played crucial roles in local administration. Who Were the Kadis and What Did They Do? In the Ottoman Empire, a kadi was