
Credit rating is a crucial evaluation mechanism that plays a decisive role in the functioning of global financial markets, guides investment decisions, and enhances economic confidence. In this process, credit rating agencies (CRAs) assess the ability of countries, corporations, or financial instruments to repay their debts on time and in full, assigning ratings based on specific indicators. These ratings serve as reliable references for international investors. However, the operational methods,
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Merve Durumlu

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a theoretical model that has had a significant impact on key areas in finance such as investment decisions, asset valuation, and portfolio management. Developed in the 1960s through the contributions of academics including William F. Sharpe, John Lintner, Jack Treynor, and Jan Mossin, CAPM aims to determine the expected return of an asset based on its systematic risk. In this context, the model assumes that investors make rational decisions by considerin
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Merve Durumlu