
In architecture, scale refers to the proportional relationship between the actual dimensions of a building or architectural element and a reference dimension. Technically, this ratio is represented in drawings and models using scales such as 1:100, 1:50, or 1:20, allowing the building’s true size to be represented in reduced form. However, scale is not merely a representational tool; it is also an perceptual and conceptual design component that shapes the relationship between space, the human bo
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Esra Özkafa
SkSketchUp is a powerful and flexible computer-aided design (CAD) software that enables users to create, edit, and visualize three-dimensional models. It is widely preferred across diverse disciplines including architecture, interior design, engineering, construction, and product design. The program offers an accessible platform for both professionals and amateurs through intuitive tools that allow for the rapid and easy modeling of complex geometries. SketchUp aims to enhance the efficiency of th
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Yeşim Can

In architecture, space is the volumetric whole in which human activities occur, perceived both physically and mentally, experienced, and imbued with meaning. Space is not merely a concept limited to emptiness; it is a multilayered phenomenon shaped by the arrangement of surfaces that define it, materials, light, scale, and its relationship with the user.Origin and Theoretical BackgroundThe word “space” derives from the Arabic root “kevn,” meaning “existence,” and throughout history has been rega
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Esra Özkafa

Interior architecture is not merely an application field concerned with the aesthetic arrangement of building interiors; it is also a design discipline evaluated in relation to user habits and cultural contexts. Within this scope, interior architecture addresses not only the physical boundaries of space but also the everyday life practices of users and the ways in which social structures are reflected in spatial organization. The arrangement of interior spaces has carried both functional and sym
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Esra Özkafa
InInterior architecture is a multidisciplinary profession that aims to design indoor spaces in an aesthetically, functionally, and ergonomically optimal manner. Interior architects consider user needs, psychological and physical requirements while integrating structural and decorative elements in their planning of indoor environments. Today, interior architecture has evolved beyond mere aesthetic concerns to encompass sustainability, technology integration, and user comfort, making it a comprehens
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Ahsen Karakaş