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The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an economic indicator published by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) that measures the average change in prices over time in a basket of goods and services purchased by consumers. The CPI is the primary statistical reference used to determine the direction and trend of inflation in Türkiye.CPI data are shared with the public in the first week of each month, covering price changes from the previous month. The index includes prices of goods and services acr

Financial literacy, an economic concept we frequently encounter these days, stands before us as a necessity that individuals of nearly every age must acquire. Unfortunately, in this modern era, we observe that economics, money, and resources have been placed at the center of life. From this observation, it has become universally accepted that at least a good understanding of these matters is essential.Financial literacy is the combination of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors required to make s

The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası, CBRT) is the country’s primary monetary authority. It is responsible for issuing currency, maintaining price stability, managing interest rates, and overseeing financial stability. Established in 1931, the CBRT plays a crucial role in shaping Türkiye’s economic trajectory, particularly in periods of high inflation and currency volatility.A view from the CBRT headquarters in Ankara, Türkiye-AA" image-alternate="" imag

Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a key economic indicator published by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) that measures the average change in prices over time for a basket of goods and services purchased by consumers. The CPI serves as the primary reference statistic for determining the direction and trend of inflation in Türkiye.CPI data, released during the first week of each month, reflect price changes from the previous month. The index includes prices of goods and services across numerou

Inflation types are categorized based on the speed of price increases into low inflation, rapid inflation, and hyperinflation; and according to the underlying economic dynamics into demand-pull inflation, cost-push inflation, price inflation, and expectation-driven inflation. These distinctions enable a clearer understanding of both the causes of inflation and its potential consequences.Types of Inflation According to Rate of IncreaseInflation is classified into three main categories based on it

Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT) determines its policy rate, one of the monetary policy instruments used to achieve price stability and combat inflation, through meetings of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC).The MPC convenes on specific dates throughout the year to decide whether to maintain, increase, or decrease the policy rate, defined as the one-week repo auction rate, based on the current economic outlook, inflation forecasts, domestic and external demand conditions, exchang

Phillips CurveThe Phillips Curve is a fundamental concept in economic literature that describes an inverse relationship between unemployment and inflation. It was first developed in 1958 by New Zealand economist A.W. Phillips. When analyzing historical data from the United Kingdom, Phillips observed that low unemployment rates were generally associated with high inflation, while high unemployment rates were linked to low inflation. Based on this observation, his theory posits that as economic gr

Monetarism is one of the most influential approaches in the field of monetary economics, playing a decisive role in macroeconomic thought and policy design, particularly in the second half of the 20th century. Centered on the idea that the money supply has a determining impact on economic activity and the general price level, Monetarism was systematically formulated as a doctrine through the works of American economist Milton Friedman.Conceptual Foundations of MonetarismAt its core, Monetarism i