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Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is an inorganic base that is white odorless dense and corrosive composed of a sodium cation (Na⁺) and a hydroxide anion (OH⁻). In solid form it is commonly found as pellets flakes or granules. It fully ionizes in water exhibiting strong basic properties and is therefore widely used in the preparation of alkaline solutions. Due to its extensive use across various industrial sectors it is also commonly referred to as "caustic soda" or "liquid alkali".HistoryHistorically sod

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is a corrosive, hydrogen ion (H⁺) donor compound belonging to the mineral acid class, composed of two hydrogen atoms, one sulfur atom, and four oxygen atoms. It is a dense, oily liquid that ranges in color from colorless to pale yellow. Due to its widespread use in industrial production, it is among the fundamental substances of industrial chemistry. Historically, it has also been known as “oil of vitriol.” Annual production volume is a significant indicator of a country’s