
Kazakhstan Independence Day is a national holiday commemorating the formal declaration of independence by the Republic of Kazakhstan on 16 December 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This date is recognized as the day when the Kazakh Supreme Council (Parliament) legally affirmed the country’s sovereignty and state independence. Independence Day holds official holiday status in the country and is observed annually on 16 December with state-level ceremonies and various events. Indepe
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Meryem Şentürk Çoban

Benjamin Franklin was an American statesman active in science, publishing, and politics during the 18th century. He is regarded as one of the Founding Fathers of United States of America. He is known for his work on Electricity and his diplomatic missions. Early Life and Education He was born on January 17, 1706, in Boston. His father was Josiah Franklin and his mother was Abiah Folger. As the fifteenth of seventeen children, Franklin was only able to continue his formal education for two years
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Miray GÜR

International recognition of the State of Palestine is the process by which states around the world have recognized Palestine as a sovereign state following its declaration of independence by the Palestine Liberation Organization on 15 November 1988. This recognition process accelerated significantly after 1988 and as of September 2025 encompasses 157 member states of the United Nations. History and Origins of Recognition (1988–1999) Yaser Arafat, President of the Palestine Liberation Organizati
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Edanur Karakoç

Türkiye's technology journey toward independence has also been shaped by the goal of enhancing its global competition power, not merely as a national development effort. Despite facing decades of independence struggles and numerous obstacles, this journey has served as a driving power for Türkiye to develop its own technologies. Both the challenges of external dependency and national development objectives have directed Türkiye toward domestic production and innovative technologies. Milli Teknol
ENElif Nas Örsün

Azerbaijan State Flag Day is an official holiday celebrated annually in the Republic of Azerbaijan on 9 November. This day was proclaimed in honor of 9 November 1918, when Azerbaijan’s tricolor state flag was first officially adopted. State Flag Day was established as an official public holiday in 2009 to emphasize the historical, cultural, and political significance of the flag. Azerbaijan State Flag Day History Azerbaijan’s tricolor state flag was first officially adopted on 9 November 1918 by
ENMurad Rustamli

Kür Şad is a historical and mythological figure symbolizing the Göktürks’ struggle for independence against Chinese domination, particularly brought to prominence in the 20th century through Hüseyin Nihal Atsız’s novel The Death of the Grey Wolves. As the leader of the legendary raid on the Chinese court, he has become one of the symbols of heroism and independence in nationalist thought. Etimology The name “Kür Şad” consists of two elements: Kür: Means strong, powerful, brave. Şad: An administr
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Bilal Erdem

19 May 1919 is the day when Mustafa Kemal Atatürk landed in Samsun and initiated Türkiye’s struggle for independence. This day is one of the most significant in Turkish history. Atatürk and Youth Atatürk dedicated 19 May specifically to our youth. This is a testament to his trust and belief in them. What Is Done on 19 May? On this holiday, children and youth: Participate in sports Sing songs Organize performances Remember Atatürk and the War of Independence. The Significance of 19 May 19 May rep
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Miray GÜR
Yo“Çırpınırdın Karadeniz” is a poem written in 1914 by Azerbaijan’s national poet Ahmed Cevad. Over time, it has become one of the shared cultural values for both Azerbaijan and Türkiye. The poem was composed following the Ottoman Empire’s entry into the First World War and is regarded as a text symbolizing the ideals of independence, brotherhood, and solidarity in the Turkish world. Çırpınırdın Karadeniz Şiiri Çırpınırdın Karadeniz Looking at the Turkish flag, You said, “Ah! I would never die, If
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Burcu Sandıkçı

Mehmet Âkif Ersoy (1873–1936) is an artist who rose to prominence in Turkish literature both as a poet and a thinker, focusing in his works not on individual suffering but on societal wounds. His poems reflect the trajectory of his own life. His years marked by hardship, exile, poverty, and ideals find resonance in his verses. His greatest poetic legacy, Safahat, consists of seven volumes, all directly grounded in the poet’s personal observations and experiences. Childhood and Family Influence M
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Fatma Beste Akdumanlı

Kazakhstan Independence Day, Republic of Kazakhstan’s national holiday commemorating its formal declaration of independence on 16 December 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This date is recognized as the day the Supreme Council of Kazakhstan (Parliament) legally affirmed the country’s sovereignty and state independence. Independence Day holds official public holiday status in the country and is observed annually on 16 December with state-level ceremonies and various events. Indepe
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Meryem Şentürk Çoban