
Postmodern history is an approach that argues the past cannot be treated as a fixed and objective reality; rather, historical writing is a process constructed through language, discourse, power relations, and the historian’s subjective interpretation. This approach approaches grand narratives (meta-narratives) with skepticism and asserts that history is merely a reinterpretation produced within specific contexts and always open to revision. Postmodern history emphasizes that truth may have multi
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Mehmet Salih Çoban
DeApparatus Theory is a film theory that argues cinema is more than merely a entertainment and art form; it functions as a system encompassing ideological and psychoanalytic elements. Cinema is not merely a storyteller but is viewed as a powerful ideological building that shapes the viewer’s perception of the world. Developed in the 1970s by French film theorists Jean-Louis Baudry and Christian Metz, this theory analyzes how cinema’s technology and narrative structure shape the viewer within a spe
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Abdurrahman Abdul Mujeeb

Thatcherism is a political approach shaped under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher during her tenure as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990, advocating economic liberalization and a reduction in the role of the state. This ideological framework represents not only the policies adopted during Thatcher’s time in office but also a political legacy that continued to exert influence after her term ended. Thatcherism emerged as a response to the postwar British dominance of the so
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Şeyma Kanter