DaDamnatio memoriae is a modern term used to describe a series of measures aimed at erasing the memory of individuals—particularly emperors—who were believed to have committed crimes against the state, following their deaths. The phrase derives from Latin, meaning “the condemnation of memory.”Although this exact term does not appear in ancient sources, references to the practice are found in expressions such as memoria damnata (condemned memory) or abolitio memoriae (erasure of memory). While thes
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Iconoclasm (Greek: Εἰκονοκλασία, Eikonoklasia) is the term given to the period between 726 and 843 in the Byzantine Empire during which religious images (icons) were banned and destroyed. Although this movement appeared fundamentally as a religious reform, it was a complex process closely tied to the political, military, social, and economic challenges of the time. This approximately 120-year period is studied in two main phases, separated by interruptions.Those who supported iconoclasm were cal
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