IbIbn Khaldun’s theory of asabiyyah is a sociological framework that explains how societies form, rise, and decline. This theory emerged as an effort to understand the social, political, and economic transformations occurring in 14th-century North Africa and the Islamic world. During Ibn Khaldun’s lifetime, events such as the Mamluks, Berber tribes, Al-Andalus’s period of decline, and the rise of the Ottomans demanded a deep analysis of social cohesion and leadership dynamics.Ibn Khaldun’s work “I
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Bilal Utku Karakoç
EnEnvironmental Determinism (also known as geographical determinism or climatic determinism) is an approach that argues human actions, social and cultural developments, and even individual character are fundamentally shaped by the physical environment. According to this paradigm, geographical factors such as climate, landforms, and natural resources play a primary and constraining role in determining the level of development economic activities political structures and cultural traits of human soc
ENYunus Emre Yüce

Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) was a prominent thinker, historian, and social scientist of the medieval period. He is regarded as one of the founders of the discipline now known as sociology. He is renowned for his works on history, politics, economics, and social structures.LifeIbn Khaldun was born in 1332 in the city of Tunis in North Africa. His full name was Abdurrahman ibn Muhammad ibn Khaldun al-Hadrami. His family belonged to a scholarly lineage that had migrated from Al-Andalus (modern-day Spai
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Hüseyin Caner Özkan