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Saddam Hussein (1937–2006) was the president of Iraq and a leading figure in the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party who implemented policies known as "Saddamism." During his rule, he nationalized Iraq's oil resources, launched extensive development initiatives, and carried out harsh military operations against Kurdish uprisings and Shia opposition.Dawisha, Adeed. "" Identity" and political survival in Saddam's Iraq." The Middle East Journal (1999), s. 555. ">【1】He was viewed as a polarizing figure: