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May 16, 1919, was not merely a date on a calendar; it was the first physical step on the path from the ashes of an empire to a fully independent republic. As the Bandırma Vessel cast off from Galata Pier, escaping the foggy atmosphere of occupied Istanbul, it carried the hope of freedom for an entire nation. More Than a Mission: The Inspectorate of the 9th Army Mustafa Kemal Pasha held an official assignment: Inspector of the 9th Army. On paper, his duty was to restore order in the region and co