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Bursa, historically, is not merely a city but also the first capital of the Ottoman Empire and one of the symbolic centers of Turkish-Islamic culture. For this reason, the Greek forces’ decision to target Bursa during their de facto occupation of Anatolia following World War I carried more than a mere military significance—it also constituted a psychological and symbolic attack. The occupation, which began on 8 July 1920, ended on 11 September 1922 with the Turkish army’s victory over the Greek

Bursa, is not only a city historically but also the first capital of the Ottoman Empire and one of the symbolic centers of Turkish-Islamic culture. Therefore, the Greek forces’ selection of Bursa as a target following their initial occupation of Anatolia after World War I carried not only a military significance but also a psychological and symbolic character. The occupation, which began on 8 July 1920, ended on 11 September 1922 with the Turkish army’s victory over the Greek forces, thereby lib