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The 2025 tariffs are a series of measures initiated by President Donald Trump of the United States of America (USA) that have significantly influenced international trade policies. Implemented at the beginning of 2025, these tariffs were announced on grounds of national security, reducing the trade deficit, protecting domestic production, and combating law smuggling and migration trafficking narcotic. These tariffs have affected Türkiye’s largest trading partners including Canada, Mexico, China,

Eric J. Hobsbawm’s The Age of Capital: 1848-1875 analyzes the transformation of Europe during the rise of industrialization and capitalism. Focusing on the economic, social, and political changes that shaped the world after the French Revolution and the 1848 revolutions, the book examines the emergence of capitalism as a global system and the profound transformations it triggered in historical context. Hobsbawm portrays this period not only as an era of economic growth but also as one marked by

Zoonosis or zoonotic disease is derived from the Greek words “zoon” (animal) and “nosos” (disease). According to the terminology defined by the World Health Organization, zoonoses refer to any infection or disease that can be naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. Current medical data indicate that more than 200 types of zoonotic diseases have been identified in nature.【1】Approximately 60 percent of pathogens affecting humans originate from animals. It is reported that abou

In today’s global economy, conducting trade in accordance with ethical standards is increasingly gaining importance. Fair trade is an approach that promotes sustainable economic growth by protecting the rights of producers and workers. This system aims to ensure that producers and farmers in developing countries gain access to markets at fair prices.Fair trade is a system designed to provide disadvantaged producers working under difficult conditions in developing countries with access to markets

The Big Mac Index, developed by The Economist magazine in 1986, is an economic tool designed to assess the relationship between exchange rates and the cost of living across different countries. Named after the globally recognized Big Mac hamburger from McDonald's, the index is based on the premise that this product is universally available and produced in a similar manner worldwide. The index serves to evaluate whether exchange rates are aligned with purchasing power parity (PPP), by comparing t