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Customs tariffs are among the oldest and most significant restrictions placed on the free flow of bad between countries. The economic impact of tariffs is based on the functioning of price mechanisms. They prevent goods that offer no benefit to Country from entering the country and protect newly established young industry sectors against foreign competition. Customs tariffs are classified into two types according to their basis of application: autonomous tariffs and contractual tariffs. 1. Auton

Financial inclusion means that all individuals and businesses, regardless of income level or other social factors, can access and benefit from financial services. This concept emphasizes that banking, insurance, credit and payment systems like must be made available to all segments of society. Ensuring financial inclusion reduces poverty, supports economic growth, and addresses social inequality by increasing access to economic opportunities for low-income groups, those living in rural areas, or

Economic crisis refers to sudden, severe, and negative disruptions in a country’s economic activities. It typically manifests through significant contractions in production, consumption, employment, investment, and financial markets. However, to classify any situation as a crisis, it is essential to understand the fundamental elements or characteristics of a crisis benefit. Key Characteristics of Economic Crisis Unpredictable Developments: A crisis arises when unforeseen or unexpected events pro

The foreign exchange market is a global market where currency trading takes place and is the largest and most liquid financial market. The currency pairs traded in this market represent the exchange rate between one country’s money unit and another’s change. For example, EUR/USD (Euro / US Dollar), USD/JPY (US Dollar / Japanese Yen) like. When trading currencies in the forex market, purchasing one currency simultaneously means selling another. This activity is based on currency pairs, and each t

Business development is defined as a multidimensional management field designed to guide institutional processes toward long-term value creation. This field extends beyond merely expanding sales or marketing functions; it also encompasses establishing strategic partnerships, structuring new opportunities, and developing innovative business models. Business development activities encompass not only the capacity to mobilize an institution’s internal competencies but also its ability to generate st

The Psychology of Money: Timeless Lessons on Wealth, Greed, and Happiness is a work by award-winning author Morgan Housel, offering a deep exploration of financial behavior. First published in 2020, the book was translated into Turkish by Canan Feyyat and published in 2021 by Scala Yayıncılık. This 312-page work examines not only the economic but also the psychological and sociological dimensions of our relationship with money. About the Author Morgan Housel is a renowned writer in the field of

Open Market Operations (OMOs) are transactions in which central banks buy and sell securities in the market to implement their monetary policy. These operations typically occur between the central bank and commercial banks and help control the money supply, interest rates, and liquidity. Objectives of Open Market Operations Liquidity Management: Balancing excess or insufficient liquidity within the banking system. Influencing Interest Rates: Maintaining short-term interest rates at targeted leve

Supply refers to the willingness and ability of producers to offer economic goods and services for sale in a specific market at a given time and price. Supply can be defined as the quantity of goods and services made available in the market over a specific period. Here, the key point is that the good has been brought to the market with the intent of selling it. The fundamental characteristic of supply is that as the price of a good rises, the quantity supplied also increases. Conversely, when th

Financial technologies (FinTech) are a structure that has emerged from the integration of technology into the financial sector. They aim to facilitate access to financial services by offering consumers more accessible and user-friendly solutions. FinTech companies leverage technological infrastructures such as artificial intelligence, robotic process automation, big data, blockchain, machine learning, smart contracts, and biometric authentication to provide innovative solutions in areas includin

Turkish economist, finance specialist and technology executive. She is known as one of Türkiye’s first female computer programmers. Since the founding of Baykar Technology, she has played key roles in financial strategy and management. She currently serves as a member of the Baykar Board of Directors. Life and Education Canan Bayraktar, born in 1950 in the Kadıköy district of Istanbul, completed her middle and high school education at Çamlıca Girls’ High School. She graduated from the Faculty of