`extracellular` Related Article Results

Biofilms are self-protective, structurally complex microbial communities formed by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and some protists) adhering to surfaces. These structures create a tight matrix composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by the cells. EPS contains polysaccharides, proteins, DNA, and lipids, providing both structural integrity and protective functions to the biofilm. Biofilms are commonly found on surfaces in contact with water, on soil particles, or on living