
Azerbaijan–Armenia Railway Oil Export is a commercial and economic development marking the first time oil products were shipped from Azerbaijan to Armenia via railway on 18 December 2025. This event has been recorded as a practical step toward normalizing trade relations between the two countries and advancing the peace agenda. Background and Developments Peace Process and Negotiations The initiative to export oil from Azerbaijan to Armenia is an extension of diplomatic engagement and peace proc
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Zeynep Gül

The agricultural frost disaster that occurred across Türkiye in April 2025 has been recorded as one of the most extensive and destructive agricultural disasters in the last thirty years. Sudden temperature drops between 9 and 13 April, with air temperatures falling below zero especially during nighttime hours, directly affected agricultural production in 36 provinces. This frost event coincided with the flowering and bud development period of fruit trees, causing severe damage to numerous crop g
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Onur Çolak

In April 2025, a widespread agricultural frost event across Türkiye was recorded as one of the most extensive and destructive agricultural disasters in the past thirty years. Sudden temperature drops between 9 and 13 April, with air temperatures falling below zero in many regions during nighttime hours, directly affected agricultural production in 36 provinces. This frost event coincided with the flowering and early fruit development stages of crops, causing severe damage to numerous product gro
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Onur Çolak

The Australia-India Uranium Export Agreement is an administrative arrangement signed on 9 July 2026 in the city of Melbourne between Australia and India to regulate the export of Australian-origin uranium to India for peaceful purposes. The agreement was signed following talks between the Prime Minister of Australia Anthony Albanese and the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi in Melbourne.【1】 The arrangement entered into force under the framework of the Australia-India Nuclear Cooperation Agre
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Edanur Karakoç

The Customs Union Agreement between Türkiye and the European Union is the agreement that represents the most advanced stage of economic integration between the two parties, with its foundations laid by Türkiye’s first association application in 1959 and its legal framework established by the Ankara Agreement of 1963. Initially conceived as a strategic milestone on the path toward full membership, this process progressed through three phases—preparation, transition, and final stage—and reached it
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Mustafa Cem İnci
OcAs a result of peace negotiations between Russia and Ukraine, we have begun to hear frequently about a concept known as Rare Earth Elements (REE). What makes this concept so significant? Or is this issue truly worthy of such attention? First, the term REE encompasses the lanthanides along with scandium and yttrium. Their applications are extremely broad, especially in everyday technological devices such as smartphones and automobiles, as well as in the transmission of renewable energy
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Abdullah Eymen Asru

Suspension of Access to Fable 5 and Mythos 5 is the decision by US-based artificial intelligence company Anthropic to halt access to its Fable 5 and Mythos 5 models on 13 June 2026, in accordance with an export control directive issued by the US federal government on national security grounds. The directive prohibits all foreign nationals, including Anthropic’s foreign employees, from accessing the models both inside and outside the United States. In compliance with the directive, Anthropic has
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Edanur Karakoç
CuCustoms duty is a financial obligation imposed on goods when they enter (import) or exit (export) a country’s customs territory, with economic effects and revenue generation for public. This duty arises at the moment goods are presented to customs and is regulated under Law No. 4458 on Customs. According to Article 3/8-a of Law No. 4458 Law, it encompasses all taxes applied during import and export. These include Value Added Tax (VAT), Special Consumption Tax (SCT), Anti-Dumping Duty, Anti-Subsi
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Sümeyra Uzun
PrAs a result of peace negotiations between Russia and Ukraine, we have begun to hear frequently about a concept known as Rare Earth Elements (REE). What makes this concept so significant? Or is this issue truly worthy of such considerable attention? First, the term REE encompasses the lanthanides along with scandium and yttrium. Their applications are extremely broad, especially in everyday technological devices such as smartphones and automobiles, as well as in the transmission of renewable ener
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Abdullah Eymen Asru

The agreement for the export of the HÜRJET jet trainer aircraft, developed by Turkish Aerospace Industries, was formally signed at a ceremony held on 28 April at the Airbus facilities in Madrid. The ceremony was attended by defense industry officials and military representatives from Türkiye and Spain as well as executives from industrial organizations. The signed contract has initiated the process to integrate the HÜRJET into the Spanish Air Force inventory. Scope of the Agreement and Productio
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Zeynep Gül