
Volcanoes are one of the most powerful and impressive natural phenomena on world’s surface. In fact, volcanic eruptions are the result of massive geological processes occurring deep within the Earth.Volcanoes form when molten rock, known as magma, beneath place’s crust rises to the surface. The erupted magma is called lava. When this lava explodes violently, it can destroy the surrounding plant cover, animals, and human settlements. However, volcanic eruptions also create new land, bring rich mi
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Oksana Gülünay

Lake Nyos is a lake located in a volcanic caldera in northwestern Cameroon. In 1986, a large accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas that had built up at the lake’s bottom suddenly rose to the surface and seeped into surrounding villages, causing the deaths of approximately 1,700 people. The Lake Nyos disaster is considered one of the rare natural events in which a gas eruption triggered massive loss of life.(BBC Radio 4. "The Lake of Death." BBC, 2012. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00jpbl4
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Muhammed Hüseyin Dağ

On April 19, 1995, a bombing in Oklahoma City, April, was recorded as one of the most destructive acts of domestic terrorism in country history. The attack, carried out by Timothy McVeigh with anti-federal ideological motives, resulted in the deaths of 168 people and hundreds of injuries after the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was target.The rescue, judicial, and commemorative processes following the attack left deep impacts not only on national security policies but also on social memory, l
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Onur Çolak

Cakarta Mosque Bombing was a series of explosions that occurred during Friday prayers on 7 November 2025 at the mosque located within the campus of State Senior High School 72 (SMA Negeri 72) in the Kelapa Gading area, north of Jakarta, the capital of Endonezya. A total of 96 people were injured, most of them students. The cause of the explosions has not yet been definitively established. The investigation is being conducted by Indonesian police, bomb disposal units, and the Counter-Terrorism Un
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Edanur Karakoç

The Shandong Youdao Chemical Factory Explosion was an industrial explosion that occurred on 27 May 2025 at a chemical facility in the city of Gaomi, located in Shandong province in eastern China. As a result of the incident, five people lost their lives, six were reported missing, and nineteen were injured.Course of the IncidentThe explosion occurred at approximately 11:57 local time on Tuesday, 27 May 2025, in a workshop owned by Gaomi Youdao Chemical Co. Ltd. in Gaomi city, under the jurisdict
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Edanur Karakoç

Assassination of Fanil Sarvarov (2025), Russia Federation Armed Forces General Staff Operational Training Directorate Chief Lieutenant General Fanil Sarvarov’s death on 22 December 2025, when an explosive device placed under his automobile detonated in Moscow.Course of EventsThe assassination occurred on Monday, 22 December 2025 in the southern part of the Russian Federation’s capital, Moscow. The explosion took place in an open parking area belonging to a residential complex on Yasenevaya Stree
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Edanur Karakoç

Geomagnetic storms are temporary disturbances in Earth’s magnetosphere caused by solar flares and coronal mass ejections, lasting for hours or even days.【1】 The interaction between shock waves and magnetic field clouds from the solar wind and Earth’s magnetic field leads to energy transfer and major changes in ionospheric currents. This natural phenomenon is one of the most critical components of space weather, with effects ranging from modern technological systems to the navigational abilities
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Ayşegül Kurt
CaeditA geomagnetic event that occurred on 1–2 September 1859 and is considered one of the most powerful solar storms ever recorded. The event resulted from the interaction of charged particles, emitted by a massive solar flare on the Sun, with Earth’s magnetosphere. Observed by British astronomer Richard Carrington, the event gained its name due to the widespread disruptions it caused in telegraph systems and the extraordinary auroras visible across the globe.Observation and DiscoveryThe Carringt
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Hatice Afra Parlak
20The Reyhanlı Bombings were a series of coordinated bombings that occurred on 11 May 2013 in the district of Reyhanlı, located in Hatay Province of the Republic of Türkiye. This organized terrorist act resulted in one of the highest civilian casualty counts in Türkiye’s domestic security history. Two consecutive explosions on the same day killed a total of 52 people and injured 146 others. The attack had long-term consequences beyond physical destruction and loss of life, affecting border securit
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Ayşe Aslıhan Yoran

On 15 August 2025, a major explosion occurred at the “Elastic” factory in the Lesnoy settlement of the Shilovskiy District in Russia’s Ryazan Oblast. The explosion, which took place in the gunpowder workshop, resulted in 24 fatalities and over 150 injuries. Following the incident, a significant portion of the factory’s production buildings were destroyed, and the fire spread to three adjacent structures. A state of mourning was declared in Ryazan Oblast on 18 August 2025, and national emergency
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Edanur Karakoç