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When you descend just a few meters below the soil, you also descend into the layers of time. Archaeology is not merely a task of spade and brush. This science addresses the deepest questions humanity has directed at itself: “Who are we?”, “Where do we come from?”, “What did we learn in the past and how did we forget it?”The Memory of the Soil: Layers and RecallEvery excavation site is not only a physical map but also a cultural and mental archive. Stratigraphic analysis—the scientific study of l

Controlled blasting refers to planned blasting techniques used in underground and surface excavation works to break rocks in a desired manner while minimizing environmental impacts. This technique plays a crucial role in areas such as tunnel construction, dams, highways, quarries, and mining operations, ensuring both the preservation of excavation geometry and safety. Controlled blasting methods are designed to protect the strength of surrounding rocks and the stability of slopes, as opposed to

What Is Göbeklitepe?Göbeklitepe is a historical site located in the Şanlıurfa province of Türkiye, recognized as the world’s oldest known temple complex. It was constructed approximately 12,000 years ago, making it significantly older than the pyramids and Stonehenge!Who Built Göbeklitepe?Göbeklitepe was built by hunter-gatherer communities who lived before the advent of settled agricultural life. Although these people had not yet adopted farming, they successfully carved and transported massive

An excavator is a large and powerful construction machine. It is commonly used in construction and excavation work. It features a specialized arm and bucket system designed for digging soil, rocks, and other heavy materials. Thanks to this bucket, it can dig deep trenches and easily transport large quantities of material.What Are Its Functions?Excavators are used to prepare the ground for large projects such as roads, buildings, and bridges. They are also employed to remove debris, carry out ear

Horoztepe is located east of the Erbaa district of Tokat province, south of the Kelkit River, on the Erbaa Plain. Today, the site is bounded to the west by the İmbat Creek and surrounded on other sides by modern residential areas and roads.HistoryHoroztepe, as one of the earliest known settlements in the region, has a history extending back to the 3000s BCE. Throughout history, Horoztepe and its surroundings have come under the rule of numerous states, including the Kingdom of Hattusa, the Hitti

Bitlis Castle is a historical structure built on a natural rock formation in the city center of Bitlis in Türkiye’s Eastern Anatolia Region. Dominating the center of Bitlis city, the castle is surrounded by the Dideban Creek to the east and the İskender Creek to the west, which functioned as natural moats around its perimeter.HistoryThe exact construction date of Bitlis Castle is unknown, but historical sources indicate that it was built around 312 BCE by Bedlis (Badlis), one of Alexander the Gr

Nestled at the foot of the Taurus Mountains and opening onto the clear waters of the Mediterranean, a mysterious valley… Olympos Ancient City is not merely a ruin; it is a captivating realm where history, nature, and mythology intertwine. As one of the major cities of the Lycian Civilization, this ancient settlement later became a haven for pirates, a sanctuary for the gods, and continues to attract thousands of visitors today.Location and FoundationOlympos is located within the Olympos Valley,

Who Is an Archaeologist?An archaeologist is a scientist who works to uncover information about human societies that lived in the past. Archaeologists conduct various excavations to understand history and solve the mysteries of ancient civilizations. Although finding ancient artifacts and conducting digs may seem exciting, archaeology is a profession that demands great attention and patience.Archaeologists conduct excavations to discover ancient artifacts, remains, and structures buried beneath t

Have you ever found an old object and wondered, “Whose was this? What was it used for?” Archaeology is the science that answers these questions! Archaeology learns about how people lived in the past, what they did, and what objects they used by studying the traces and artifacts they left behind. Let’s explore this exciting field together!What Does Archaeology Mean?Archaeology tells the story of people who lived in the past through the objects, structures, and remains they left behind. These rema