
Brexit (British Exit) is a concept encompassing political, legal, and economic dimensions that describe the process of the United Kingdom (UK) leaving the European Union (EU). This process, initiated by a referendum held on 23 June 2016, is regarded as a turning point in the history of European integration. Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (Lisbon Treaty) was activated for the first time in the Union’s history by a member state and culminated in the legal termination of the UK’s 47-yea
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Bahtiyar Bora ERGÜN

Russia-Ukraine War began on 24 February 2022 and has now completed its third year as of 24 February 2025. Over the course of three years, war has continued with military and political developments affecting millions of people. BackgroundThe war initiated by Russian President Vladimir Putin on 24 February 2022 with the declaration of a “special military operation” has produced wide-ranging military political and economic consequences within three years. More than 20 percent of Ukrainian territory
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Edanur Karakoç

The 2025 Presidential Election in Poland was a general election held under a two-round system to elect a new five-year term president. The first round took place on Sunday, 18 May 2025. According to official results announced by the Central Electoral Commission (Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza – PKW), as no candidate secured an absolute majority in the first round, a second round was held on 1 June 2025. In the second round, Karol Nawrocki received 50.89 percent of the votes and was elected as Poland
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Edanur Karakoç

Artificial intelligence (AI) regulations refer to the legal, ethical, and technical standards governing the development, deployment, and oversight of these technologies. AI systems hold significant potential for enhancing efficiency and innovation across diverse fields such as healthcare, transportation, finance, and education. However, they also pose substantial risks including the violation of personal data protection, infringement of fundamental rights, discrimination, security vulnerabilitie
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Ömer Said Aydın

Maastricht, located in the southernmost part of the Netherlands, is known as the city where the Maastricht Treaty was signed, laying the foundation for the European Union, and where the euro was born. The city has been a settlement site for various civilizations since Roman times, and as a result, remnants and cultural heritage elements from multiple historical periods have survived to the present day.Location and GeographyMaastricht is the capital of the Limburg province and lies at the souther
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Melike Erol

Söke Cotton is a special variety of cotton cultivated in the Söke district of Aydın Province in western Türkiye. This cotton is particularly renowned for its soft texture, long fibers, and high-quality fabric. The fertile soils of the Söke Plain and the favorable climate enable this cotton variety to thrive at exceptional quality.Why Is It a Special Cotton?Söke Cotton is distinct from other cotton varieties because it is unique to the Söke region. As a result, it is recognized both in Türkiye an
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İbrahim Filiz

European Council Summit is a meeting of the heads of state and government of the European Union member states, held in Brussels on 18–19 December 2025. This summit is part of the final leaders’ meeting of the European Union for 2025.The meeting is taking place at the European Council building and is chaired by European Council President António Costa. The agenda includes discussions on the European Union’s defense policies, financial and political support for Ukraine, discussions on the use of f
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Edanur Karakoç

U.S.-EU Trade Agreement (2025) is a framework trade agreement signed between the United States of America and the European Union on 27 July 2025. The compromise, reached after heightened tensions following the Trump administration’s April 2025 announcement of a 20 percent “reciprocal tariff” and a threat of additional tariffs up to 30 percent, establishes a fixed 15 percent tariff on most goods while maintaining 50 percent tariffs on steel and aluminum.Under the agreement, the EU has committed t
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Edanur Karakoç

The Egypt–European Union Summit, held on 22 October 2025 in Brussels Belgium, was the first high-level bilateral summit between the European Union (EU) and Egypt. The summit was attended by European Council President António Costa European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.Background and Significance of the SummitEgypt–EU relations are built upon the Partnership Agreement in force since 2004 and the “Strategic and Comprehensive Partnership” (SC
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Edanur Karakoç

Malatya Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a fruit with geographical indication status at both national and international levels, characterized by specific varieties including Hacıhaliloğlu, Hasanbey, Kabaaşı, Soğancı, Çataloğlu, and Çöloğlu, and consumed both fresh and especially dried.Product Profile and Geographical Indication TypeMalatya apricot belongs to the product group of processed and unprocessed fruits and vegetables and mushrooms. It has been registered by the Turkish Patent and Tradem
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Caner Sefa Koçyiğit