`enlightenment` Related Article Results

Instrumental Reason, in its most general definition, is a mode of thinking focused on identifying the most effective and efficient means to achieve predetermined goals. This form of reasoning prioritizes the utility and functionality of actions or ideas in reaching a specific objective, rather than questioning their intrinsic values such as truth or goodness, or their moral consequences. The goals themselves are not subject to rational scrutiny; reason assumes the role of an instrument or tool s

Ibrahim Kalın’s work titled Islam, Enlightenment, and the Future aims to examine the relationship between Islamic thought and modern Western thought within a philosophical and historical framework. The author, taking the classic sources and fundamental concepts of Islamic thought as central, addresses topics such as modernization, secularization, the understanding of knowledge, and the perspective of the future. The work highlights the view that Islam needs to be re-evaluated through its interna

Little Buddha is a 1993 film that combines a dramatized portrayal of the life and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, with fictional elements. Directed by Bernardo Bertolucci, the film begins with a group of American children being chosen by Buddhist monks as potential candidates for the reincarnation of a Lama. The narrative follows both the spiritual journey of modern-day characters and the historical story of Buddha in parallel. As a cinematic representation of Buddhism

Universal history is a concept that considers the history of humanity as a whole. Its aim is to understand the shared past of all humankind and place this past in a meaningful context. However, this understanding has sparked various debates due to the theories and ideological approaches developed by historians and thinkers in different periods. The concept of universal history took shape particularly through the philosophical contributions of Enlightenment thinkers like Hegel and Marx, was frame