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Pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars—compact celestial objects typically formed after supernova explosions, characterized by high density, small size, and extremely strong magnetic fields. First discovered in 1967 by Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Antony Hewish, pulsars were identified through their regular radio pulses, which were later determined to originate from rotating neutron stars. Due to their high density, rapid rotation, and emission of electromagnetic radiation, pulsars have become i

The Solar Spectrum refers to the distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Sun according to wavelength or frequency. This spectrum encompasses a broad range of energies, extending far beyond the visible light detectable by the human eye to include gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), microwaves, and radio waves. The solar spectrum is fundamentally characterized as an absorption spectrum. Continuous radiation originating from the Sun’s inner layers passes through it