`educational-reforms` Related Article Results

Abdülhamid II (1876–1909) was a period of profound transformations in the Ottoman education system. The reforms implemented during this time were shaped both as part of modernization efforts and as a means to strengthen central authority. Educational policies were designed by synthesizing Western models with Islamic values, aiming to produce individuals equipped with both technical knowledge and moral principles. Reorganization of the Education System During the reign of Abdülhamid II, the educa