PhPhillips CurveThe Phillips Curve is a fundamental concept in economic literature that describes an inverse relationship between unemployment and inflation. It was first developed in 1958 by New Zealand economist A.W. Phillips. When analyzing historical data from the United Kingdom, Phillips observed that low unemployment rates were generally associated with high inflation, while high unemployment rates were linked to low inflation. Based on this observation, his theory posits that as economic gr
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Goodhart’s Law is a fundamental principle in the literature of social sciences and economics stating that when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure. Developed by Charles Goodhart in 1975, this law emerged particularly in the context of economic policy and monetary policy. The core proposition of the law is: “When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure.” By explaining the behavioral and systemic changes that arise when measures are turned into targets, th
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