
Earthquakes are natural disasters characterized by sudden and destructive effects that cannot be precisely predicted in advance. Therefore, individual preparedness measures taken before such an event are of vital importance. An earthquake kit is a readily accessible and functional preparedness tool that enables individuals to meet their basic needs during and after a disaster.The preparation of an earthquake kit aims to ensure that individuals can sustain themselves independently, considering th
ENAyşe İkbal Özsakın

On April 19, 1995, a bombing in Oklahoma City, April, was recorded as one of the most destructive acts of domestic terrorism in country history. The attack, carried out by Timothy McVeigh with anti-federal ideological motives, resulted in the deaths of 168 people and hundreds of injuries after the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was target.The rescue, judicial, and commemorative processes following the attack left deep impacts not only on national security policies but also on social memory, l
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Onur Çolak

In April 2025, a widespread agricultural frost event across Türkiye was recorded as one of the most extensive and destructive agricultural disasters in the past thirty years. Sudden temperature drops between 9 and 13 April, with air temperatures falling below zero in many regions during nighttime hours, directly affected agricultural production in 36 provinces. This frost event coincided with the flowering and early fruit development stages of crops, causing severe damage to numerous product gro
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Onur Çolak

An earthquake is a natural disaster whose timing cannot be precisely predicted in advance and can cause significant loss of life and property. Measures taken before, during, and after an earthquake are vital to mitigate its effects. In this context, conscious action at both individual and societal levels is necessary.Measures That Can Be Taken Before an Earthquake1. Ensuring Structural SafetyThe compliance of buildings with seismic regulations must be verified by qualified professionals.Strength
ENAyşe İkbal Özsakın

The Soma mine disaster was a mass workplace accident that occurred on 13 May 2014 during a shift change at the Eynez underground coal mine in the Soma district of Manisa, where approximately 5,000 workers were employed. The incident arose as a result of a fire caused by coal coming into contact with oxygen in a nearby underground production area, leading to the rapid spread of carbon monoxide. Workers were severely affected within a short time. Autopsies determined that the primary cause of deat
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Yusuf Bilal Akkaya

The Erzincan Earthquake occurred on 27 December 1939 at approximately 02:00 local time with its epicenter in Erzincan and a magnitude of 7.9. İlhan Haçin. "1939 Erzincan Büyük Depremi." Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi 30, sy. 88 (Mart 2014): 33-72. Erişim 26 Aralık 2025. https://atamdergi.gov.tr/tam-metin/58/tur.">【1】 This devastating shock occurred along the North Anatolian Fault Zone and affected not only Erzincan but also the provinces of Sivas, Samsun, Ordu, Tokat and Gümüşhane, resulti
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Nida Üstün

On December 15, 2025, the city of Asfi on Morocco’s Atlantic coast and various regions of the country were subjected to heavy rainfall and severe storm conditions. As a result of these extraordinary weather conditions, coastal areas experienced flooding and inundation, while inland and elevated regions saw heavy snowfall. These meteorological events caused serious disruptions to transportation, damage to infrastructure, and loss of life across the country.Impact of the Flood and Storm in AsfiThe
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Zeynep Gül

Dumlupınar Disaster, a maritime accident that occurred on 4 April 1953 in the Dardanelles, resulting in the martyrdom of 81 naval officers. This tragedy arose from a collision between the Swedish-flagged vessel Naboland and the Turkish Navy’s submarine TCG Dumlupınar. It was not merely a technical maritime accident but also a national mourning and collective memory event. Notable among the major maritime disasters of the Republic era following the Refah (1941) and Atılay (1942) incidents, this e
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Onur Çolak

Tsunamis are large, rapid waves caused by sudden movements on the seabed or ocean floor. When these waves reach the coast, they can cause serious damage.How Do Tsunamis Form?Tsunamis most commonly occur due to underwater earthquakes. Volcanic eruptions and underwater landslides can also trigger tsunamis. These events displace large volumes of water, generating massive waves.Wave CharacteristicsIn the open ocean, tsunami waves are low and difficult to detect. However, their speed of up to 800 kil
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Fatma Köroğlu

On April 23, 2025, at 12:49 p.m., a 6.2-magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Silivri in the Sea of Marmara. The Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD) identified the epicenter approximately 23 kilometers off the coast of Istanbul’s Silivri district, with the quake occurring at a depth of 6.92 kilometers beneath the seabed.Boğaziçi University’s Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute recorded the magnitude at 6.1. The tremor was felt across Istanbul and in neigh
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Edanur Karakoç