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Sadabad Pact, signed on 7 July 1937 at the Sadabad Palace in Tehran, the capital of Iran, is a regional agreement on friendship, security and non-aggression between Türkiye, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan.【1】 In nature, it is not a military defense alliance or a common military bloc but a political treaty in which the parties commit to mutually safeguarding border security, refraining from interference in each other’s internal affairs, consulting on matters of common interest and pledging non-aggres

Oral Sander was a distinguished academic who made significant contributions to the fields of international relations and political science in Türkiye. Recognized as one of the pioneers of modern international relations theory in Türkiye, Sander left a lasting mark through both his teaching and his scholarly works. Having served for many years as a professor at Ankara University’s Faculty of Political Science, Sander is renowned for his studies that enriched the discipline from both theoretical a

The Treaty of Turkmenchay is a peace agreement signed on 10 February 1828 between the Russian Empire and Iran’s Qajar dynasty, following the Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828. Cause of the Treaty The Russo-Persian War was part of Iran’s struggle over territory with Russia. The war began in 1826 with a military campaign launched by the Russian Empire against Iran. Russia sought to expand its influence in Iranian territory and particularly strengthen its dominance in the Caucasus region. Iran resiste